Generally no. Wear, deterioration, and lack of maintenance are excluded from every standard policy, and a field at the end of its life falls squarely inside that. Sudden accidental damage, such as a vehicle collapsing a tank, can be a different matter.
More detail
The exclusion is broad and it is worth understanding before spending time on a claim. Standard homeowners policies exclude gradual deterioration, wear and tear, and damage from lack of maintenance. A drain field that has reached the end of its service life through normal biomat development, or one that failed because the tank was not pumped, is the definition of an excluded loss. So is a tank that deteriorated over decades. What can be covered. Sudden and accidental physical damage from a covered peril. A vehicle driven over the field collapsing the laterals, a tree falling and crushing a tank, or damage from a covered event elsewhere on the property are the realistic examples. These turn on the same sudden-versus-gradual distinction that governs foundation and water claims, and insurers investigate it. What is separately worth checking. Sewer and drain backup coverage, which is an endorsement rather than base coverage on most policies. It does not pay to replace a failed field, and it can pay to clean up and repair what a backup damaged inside the house, which on a finished lower level is often the larger number of the two. Ask your agent specifically whether you carry it and what the limit is. How to think about the money. Field replacement runs $5,000 to $12,000 in Greater Columbus and Central Ohio, plus $500 to $1,500 for the soil evaluation and design that permitting requires. That is a capital expense on a house asset with a 20 to 40 year service life, which puts it in the same category as a roof. The optimistic and genuinely actionable part: field life is largely a function of what reaches it. Pumping on schedule, keeping wipes and grease out, keeping vehicles off it, and correcting any surface drainage that saturates it are the four things within your control, and together they are the difference between the low end and the high end of that 20 to 40 year range.